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Aythya

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Aythya
Common pochard (Aythya ferina)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Anseriformes
Family: Anatidae
Tribe: Aythyini
Genus: Aythya
F. Boie, 1822
Type species
Anas marila[1]
Linnaeus, 1761
Species

12 species, see text

Aythya is a genus of diving ducks. It has twelve described species. The name Aythya comes from the Ancient Greek word αυθυια (authuia), which may have referred to a sea-dwelling duck or an auklet.[2]

Aythya shihuibas was described from the Late Miocene of China. Zelenkov (2016) transferred the species Anas denesi Kessler (2013), known from the late Miocene of Hungary, to the genus Aythya.[3] An undescribed prehistoric species is known only from Early Pleistocene fossil remains found at Dursunlu, Turkey;[4] it might however be referrable to a paleosubspecies of an extant species considering its age (see also Greater scaup).

The Miocene[verification needed] "Aythya" arvernensis is now placed in Mionetta, while "Aythya" chauvirae seems to contain the remains of two species, at least one of which does not seem to be a diving duck.[5]

The genus Aythya was introduced in 1822 by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie. The type species is the greater scaup.[6][7]

Aythya species[edit]

The genus contains 12 species.[8]

Genus Aythya – F. Boie, 1822 – twelve species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Canvasback


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya valisineria
(Wilson, 1814) 		North America
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Common pochard


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya ferina
(Linnaeus, 1758) 		Northern Europe into Asia
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 VU 


Redhead


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya americana
(Eyton, 1838) 		North America, from as far north as Northern Canada to the lower United States
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Ring-necked duck


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya collaris
(Donovan, 1809) 		Northern United States and Canada
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 



Hardhead


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya australis
(Eyton, 1838)

Two subspecies
  • A. a. extima (Mayr, 1940) (disputed)
  • A. a. australis (Eyton, 1838)
Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, and the islands of the Pacific Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Baer's pochard


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya baeri
(Radde, 1863) 		Southeast Russia and northeast China, migrating in winter to southern China, Vietnam, Japan, and India
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 CR 


Ferruginous duck


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya nyroca
(Güldenstädt, 1770) 		From Iberia and the Maghreb east to western Mongolia, south to Arabia
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 NT 


Madagascar pochard


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya innotata
(Salvadori, 1894) 		Madagascar
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 CR 


New Zealand scaup


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya novaeseelandiae
(Gmelin, 1789) 		New Zealand
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Tufted duck


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya fuligula
(Linnaeus, 1758) 		Throughout temperate and northern Eurasia; occasional visitor to the United States and Canada
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Greater scaup


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya marila
(Linnaeus, 1761)

Two subspecies
  • A. m. marila (Linnaeus, 1761)
    (Eurasian greater scaup)
  • A. m. nearctica (Stejneger, 1885)
    (Nearctic greater scaup)
Alaska, northern Canada, Siberia, and the northernmost reaches of Europe
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Lesser scaup


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Aythya affinis
(Eyton, 1838) 		Alaska through western Canada to western Montana, Central America
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Phylogeny[edit]

Based on the Taxonomy in Flux from John Boyd's website.[9]

(Nyroca)

?A. baeri (Radde 1863) (Baer's pochard)

?A. innotata (Salvadori 1894) (Madagascan pochard)

A. nyroca (Güldenstädt 1769) (Ferruginous duck)

A. australis (Eyton 1838) (Hardhead)

(Aristonetta)

A. americana (Eyton 1838) (Redhead)

A. ferina (Linnaeus 1758) (Common pochard)

A. valisineria (Wilson 1814) (Canvasback)

(Aythya)

A. affinis (Eyton 1838) (Lesser scaup)

A. marila (Linnaeus 1761) (Greater scaup)

?A. novaeseelandiae (Gmelin 1789) (papango; New Zealand scaup)

?A. collaris (Donovan 1809) (Ring-necked duck)

A. fuligula (Linnaeus 1758) (Tufted duck)

See also[edit]

Gallery[edit]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aythya.
Wikispecies has information related to Aythya.
  1. ^ "Anatidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  2. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  3. ^ Nikita V. Zelenkov (2016). "РЕВИЗИЯ НЕВОРОБЬИНЫХ ПТИЦ ПОЛГАРДИ (ВЕНГРИЯ, ВЕРХНИЙ МИОЦЕН). 1. Anseriformes". Paleontological Journal. 50 (5).
  4. ^ Louchart, Antoine; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile; Guleç, Erksin; Howell, Francis Clark & White, Tim D. (1998): L'avifaune de Dursunlu, Turquie, Pléistocène inférieur: climat, environnement et biogéographie. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris IIA 327(5): 341–346. [French with English abridged version] doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80053-0 (HTML abstract)
  5. ^ Worthy, Trevor; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Jones, C.; McNamara, J.A. & Douglas, B.J. (2007): Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand. J. Syst. Palaeontol. 5(1): 1–39. doi:10.1017/S1477201906001957 (HTML abstract)
  6. ^ Boie, Friedrich (1822). Tagebuch gehalten auf einer Reise durch Norwegen im Jahre 1817 (in German). Schleswig. pp. 308, 351.
  7. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 482.
  8. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  9. ^ Taxonomy in Flux [1] Boyd, John (2007). "Aythyini" (PDF). Retrieved 30 August 2016.


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