Razavi Khorasan province

Coordinates: 35°47′N 58°42′E / 35.783°N 58.700°E / 35.783; 58.700
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with North Khorasan Province, South Khorasan Province, Greater Khorasan, or Khorasan Province.
For other places with a similar name, see Khorasan.

Razavi Khorasan Province
Persian: استان خراسان رضوی
Province
From top to bottom and from left to right: Mashhad, Nishapur, Kalat, Chenaran, Sabzevar, Sarakhs, and Kashmar
Location of Khorasan-e Razavi province within Iran
Location of Khorasan-e Razavi province within Iran
Coordinates: 35°47′N 58°42′E / 35.783°N 58.700°E / 35.783; 58.700[1]
Country Iran
RegionRegion 5
CapitalMashhad
Counties34
Government
 • Governor-generalYaghob-Ali Nazari
 • MPs of Assembly of Experts1 Hassan Alemi
2 Mohammad-Hadi Abdekhodaei
3 Taqi Yazdi
4 Ahmad Alamolhoda
5 Ahmad Hosseini Khorasani
6 Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
7 Mohammad-Reza Modarresi Yazdi
8 Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini
 • Representative of the Supreme LeaderAhmad Alamolhoda
Area
 • Total118,884 km2 (45,901 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Mount Binalud)
3,211 m (10,535 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Sarakhs)
299 m (981 ft)
Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total6,434,501
 • Estimate 
(2020)
6,871,000[2]
 • Density54/km2 (140/sq mi)
DemonymKhorasani (Persian: خراسانی)
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
Area code051
ISO 3166 codeIR-09
Main language(s)Persian
HDI (2017)0.781[4]
high · 19th
Websitehttp://ostandari.khorasan.ir/

Razavi Khorasan province (Persian: استان خراسان رضوی)[a] is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in northeastern Iran. Its capital is the city of Mashhad.[5] Central Khorasan is one of the three provinces that were created after the division of Khorasan province in 2004. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5[6] with Mashhad as the location of the region's secretariat.

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province had a population of 5,515,980 in 1,426,187 households.[7] The following census in 2011 counted 5,994,402 people in 1,716,314 households.[8] At the latest census conducted in 2016, the population had risen to 6,434,501 in 1,938,703 households.[3]

History[edit]

Main article: Greater Khorasan

The Greater Khorasan has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties and governments in its territory throughout history. Various tribes of the Arabs, Turks, Kurds and Turkmens brought changes to the region time and time again.[9]

Ancient geographers of Iran divided Iran ("Ērānshahr") into eight segments of which the most flourishing and largest was the territory of Greater Khorasan. Esfarayen, among other cities of the province, was one of the focal points for residence of the Aryan tribes after entering Iran.

The Parthian Empire was based near Merv in Khorasan for many years. During the Sassanid dynasty, the province was governed by a Spahbod (Lieutenant General) called "Padgošban" and four margraves, each commander of one of the four parts of the province.

Khorasan was divided into four parts during the Muslim conquest of Persia, each section being named after one of the four largest cities, Nishapur, Merv, Herat, and Balkh.

In the year 651, the army of the Rashidun Caliphate conquered Khorasan. The territory remained under the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate until 820, followed by the rule of the Iranian Tahirid dynasty until 873, and the Samanid dynasty in 900.

Mahmud of Ghazni conquered Khorasan in 994, and Tuğrul in the year 1037.

In 1507, Khorasan was occupied by the Uzbek tribes. After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, it was occupied by the Afghan Durrani Empire centered in Qandahar.

In 1824, Herat became independent for several years when the Afghan Empire was split between the Durranis and Barakzais. The Persians sieged the city in 1837, but the British assisted the Afghans in repelling them. In 1856, the Persians launched another invasion and briefly managed to recapture the city; it led directly to the Anglo-Persian War. In 1857 hostilities between the Persians and the British ended after the Treaty of Paris was signed, and the Persian troops withdrew from Herat.[10] Afghanistan reconquered Herat in 1863 under Dost Muhammad Khan, two weeks before his death.[11]

Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on 29 September 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 18 May 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on 29 May 2004) were Khorasan-e Razavi, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan.

Tomb of Ferdowsi

Archaeological sites[edit]

The main archeological sites discovered in this province include:

Kohandezh hills[edit]

Excavations conducted by an American team between 1935 and 1940 in Nishapur discovered museum-worthy objects, which were shared with the government of the Shah. The Metropolitan Museum of Art's publications[citation needed] document its own Nishapur ceramics from those excavations. For half a century after 1945 the site of Nishapur was ransacked to feed the international market demand for early Islamic works of art. Nowadays, the Kohandezh hills reveal the remains from those excavations.[citation needed]

Shadiyakh[edit]

Shadiyakh was an important palace in old Nishapur up to the 7th century, and became more important and populated after that. The palace was completely ruined in the 13th century. It was the home of notables such as Farid al-Din Attar, whose tomb is found in Shadiyakh.

Demographics[edit]

The major ethnic group in this region are Persians, there are other sizeable communities such as Khorasani Kurds, Khorasani Turks, Turkmens and Khorasani Baloch.[12]

Administrative divisions[edit]

The population history and structural changes of Razavi Khorasan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Razavi Khorasan Province
Counties 2006[7] 2011[8] 2016[3]
Bajestan[b] — 30,664 31,207
Bakharz[c] — 53,582 54,615
Bardaskan 68,392 72,626 75,631
Chenaran 108,533 125,601 155,013
Dargaz 73,439 74,326 72,355
Davarzan[d] — — 21,911
Fariman 86,428 93,930 99,001
Firuzeh[e] — 42,739 37,539
Golbahar[f] — — —
Gonabad 106,158 80,783 88,753
Joghatai[g] — 47,920 49,175
Joveyn[g] — 54,139 54,488
Kalat 39,560 38,232 36,237
Kashmar 146,536 157,149 168,664
Khaf 108,964 121,859 138,972
Khalilabad 44,993 49,111 51,701
Khoshab[h] — 37,914 37,181
Kuhsorkh[i] — — —
Mahvelat 47,068 48,900 51,409
Mashhad 2,848,637 3,069,941 3,372,660
Miyan Jolgeh[j] — — —
Nishapur 441,184 433,105 451,780
Quchan 179,613 179,714 174,495
Roshtkhar 57,247 60,632 60,689
Sabzevar 429,187 319,893 306,310
Salehabad[k] — — —
Sarakhs 85,524 89,956 97,519
Sheshtamad[l] — — —
Taybad 143,205 108,424 117,564
Torbat-e Heydarieh 261,917 210,390 224,626
Torbat-e Jam 239,395 262,712 267,671
Torqabeh and Shandiz[m] — 58,483 69,640
Zaveh[n] — 71,677 67,695
Zeberkhan[o] — — —
Total 5,515,980 5,994,402 6,434,501

Cities[edit]

See also: List of cities in Razavi Khorasan Province by population
See also: List of cities, towns and villages in Razavi Khorasan Province

According to the 2016 census, 4,700,924 people (over 73% of the population of Razavi Khorasan province) live in the following cities:[3]

City Population
Ahmadabad-e Sowlat 8,326
Anabad 6,186
Bajestan 11,741
Bajgiran 594
Bakharz 9,044
Bar 3,765
Bardaskan 28,233
Bayg 3,545
Bidokht 5,501
Chapeshlu 2,374
Chekneh 1,381
Chenaran 53,879
Dargaz 36,762
Darrud 5,717
Davarzan 2,744
Dowlatabad 9,329
Eshqabad 1,993
Farhadgerd 8,442
Fariman 39,515
Feyzabad 18,120
Firuzeh 5,884
Golbahar 36,877
Golmakan 8,373
Gonabad 40,773
Hemmatabad 1,274
Jangal 6,650
Joghatai 9,268
Kadkan 3,719
Kakhk 4,625
Kalat 7,687
Kariz 11,102
Kashmar 102,282
Khaf 33,189
Khalilabad 12,751
Kharv 13,535
Kondor 6,460
Lotfabad 1,865
Mashhad 2,987,323
Mashhad Rizeh 10,105
Mashhad Zhaman 13,861
Mazdavand 1,241
Molkabad 2,056
Nashtifan 9,176
Nasrabad 7,460
Neqab 14,783
Nilshahr 7,371
Nishapur 264,375
Now Khandan 2,634
Qadamgah 3,010
Qalandarabad 4,880
Qasemabad 5,145
Quchan 101,604
Razaviyeh 8,850
Rivash 5,687
Robat-e Sang 1,551
Roshtkhar 7,514
Rud Ab 4,028
Sabzevar 243,700
Salami 7,555
Salehabad 8,625
Sangan 12,443
Sarakhs 42,179
Sefid Sang 6,129
Shadmehr 3,825
Shahrabad 2,083
Shahr-e Zow 3,745
Shandiz 13,987
Sheshtomad 3,108
Soltanabad 5,932
Taybad 56,562
Torbat-e Heydarieh 140,019
Torbat-e Jam 100,449
Torqabeh 20,998
Yunesi 3,426

The following sorted table lists the most populous cities in Razavi Khorasan according to 2016 Census results announced by Statistical Center of Iran.[3] After Mashhad, Nishapur, Sabzevar, and Torbat-e Heydarieh are the most populous cities of the province.

Most Populous Urban Areas in Razavi Khorasan Province[3]
Mashhad

Mashhad

Nishapur

Nishapur

Rank City County Population Sabzevar

Sabzevar

Torbat-e Heydarieh

Torbat-e Heydarieh

1 Mashhad Mashhad 2,987,323
2 Nishapur Nishapur 264,375
3 Sabzevar Sabzevar 243,700
4 Torbat-e Heydarieh Torbat-e Heydarieh 140,019
5 Kashmar Kashmar 102,282
6 Quchan Quchan 101,604
7 Torbat-e Jam Torbat-e Jam 100,449
8 Taybad Taybad 56,562
9 Chenaran Chenaran 53,879
10 Sarakhs Sarakhs 42,179

Culture[edit]

Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad

Attractions[edit]

This province contains many historical and natural attractions, such as mineral water springs, small lakes, recreational areas, caves and protected regions, and various hiking areas.

Besides these, Khorasan encompasses numerous religious buildings and places of pilgrimage, including the shrine of Imam Reza, Goharshad mosque and many other mausoleums and Imamzadehs which attract visitors to this province.

The Cultural Heritage of Iran lists 1179 sites of historical and cultural significance in all three provinces of Khorasan.

Some of the popular attractions of Khorasan-e Razavi are:

Tomb of Ferdowsi in Mashhad

Mashhad[edit]

Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám in Nishapur

Nishapur[edit]

Tomb of Hadi Sabzevari in Sabzevar

Sabzevar[edit]

Jameh Mosque of Kashmar in Kashmar
Atashgah Castle in Kashmar

Kashmar[edit]

Khalilabad[edit]

Torbat-e Jam[edit]

Qanats of Gonabad in Gonabad

Gonabad[edit]

Sarakhs[edit]

Aliabad Tower in Bardaskan
Firuzabad Tower in Bardaskan

Bardaskan[edit]

Bajestan[edit]

Abbasabad Complex Taybad in Taybad

Taybad[edit]

Rivash[edit]

Colleges and universities[edit]

Gallery[edit]

See also[edit]

Media related to Razavi Khorasan Province at Wikimedia Commons

flag Iran portal

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Also romanized as Ostân-e Xorâsân-e Razavi; also خراسان مرکزی, romanized as Xorâsân-e Markazi {English: Central Khorasan Province
  2. ^ Separated from Gonabad County after the 2006 census[13]
  3. ^ Separated from Taybad County after the 2006 census[14]
  4. ^ Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2011 census[15]
  5. ^ Separated from Nishapur County after the 2006 census[16]
  6. ^ Separated from Chenaran County after the 2016 census[17]
  7. ^ a b Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2006 census[18]
  8. ^ Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2006 census[19]
  9. ^ Separated from Kashmar County after the 2016 census[20]
  10. ^ Separated from Nishapur County after the 2016 census[21]
  11. ^ Separated from Torbat-e Jam County after the 2016 census[22]
  12. ^ Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2016 census[23]
  13. ^ Separated from Mashhad County after the 2006 census[24]
  14. ^ Separated from Torbat-e Heydarieh County after the 2006 census[25]
  15. ^ Separated from Nishapur County after the 2016 census[26]

References[edit]

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (24 May 2024). "Razavi Khorasan Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  2. ^ "جمعیت". amar.org.ir.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 09. Archived from the original (Excel) on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  4. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  5. ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
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  13. ^ Davodi, Parviz (18 September 1386). "Approval letter regarding reforms of country divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Gonabad County". Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
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  15. ^ Rahimi, Mohammadreza (30 June 2012). "Davarzan County was added to the map of country divisions". Iranian Students' News Agency (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  16. ^ Davodi, Parviz (24 July 1386). "Approval letter regarding reforms of country divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Nishapur County". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  17. ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (11 August 2019). "Changes in country divisions in the case of Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan province". Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  18. ^ Davodi, Parviz (18 September 1386). "Approval letter regarding the reforms of country divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Sabzevar County". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political-Defense Commission. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  19. ^ Rahimi, Mohammadreza (28 February 2013). "Approval letter regarding definitions and country divisions in Sabzevar County". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Board of Ministers. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  20. ^ "Notification of the establishment of Kuhsorkh County in Razavi Khorasan province". Cabinet Office (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Board of Ministers. 23 December 2018. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
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  22. ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (15 July 2017). "Letter of approval regarding reforms and divisional changes in Razavi Khorasan province". Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  23. ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (21 February 2019). "Letter of approval regarding the country divisions of Razavi Khorasan province". Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  24. ^ Davodi, Parviz (18 September 1386). "Approval letter regarding the reforms of country divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Mashhad County". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  25. ^ Davodi, Parviz. "Approval letter regarding the creation of Zaveh County with the center of Dowlatbad city under the citizenship of Razavi Khorasan province". Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  26. ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (21 February 2019). "Approval letter regarding the establishment of Heshmatiyeh Rural District in Zeberkhan District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province". Qavanin (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Board of Ministers. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
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External links[edit]

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