List of metropolitan areas in Europe

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This is a list of metropolitan areas. For a list of urban areas, see List of urban areas in Europe. For a list of cities proper, see List of European cities by population within city limits. For a list of European cities by country, see List of cities in Europe.
Istanbul is Turkey's largest city and Europe's most populous metropolitan area.
Europe and some parts of Africa and Asia by night. Lights reveal the urbanized areas of Europe. It also shows Blue Banana megalopolis from north-west England to northern Italy, and Golden Banana urbanized area between Genoa and Valencia.

This list ranks metropolitan areas in Europe by their population according to three different sources; it includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million.

Sources[edit]

List includes metropolitan areas according only to the studies of ESPON, Eurostat, and OECD. For European countries not covered by the three institutions, City Population is used as the population count source for the purpose of assessing the inclusion criteria. For this reason some metropolitan areas, like the Italian Genoa Metropolitan Area (with a population of 1,510,781 as of 2010[1]) or the Ukrainian Kryvyi Rih metropolitan area (with a population of 1,170,953 as of 2019[2]), are not included in this list, with data by other statistic survey institutes.

Figures in the first column come from the OECD Territorial Reviews and correspond to "metropolitan regions". Figures in the second column come from City Population and correspond to "metropolitan areas". Figures in the third and fourth column come from Eurostat's Urban Audit and correspond to Larger Urban Zones (LUZ). Figures in the fifth column come from the ESPON project, "Study on Urban Functions", which defines cities according to the concept of a Functional Urban area (core urban area defined morphologically on the basis of population density, plus the surrounding labour pool defined on the basis of commuting).

Further information on how the areas are defined can be found in the source documents. These figures should be seen as an interpretation, not as conclusive fact.

Metropolitan areas[edit]

  Areas within the European Union
Metropolitan area name Country OECD
Metropolitan areas
(2020)[3] 		City Population
Urban Agglomeration
(2024)[4] 		Eurostat
Metropolitan region
(2019)[5] 		Eurostat
Metropolitan region
(2018)[5] 		ESPON
Functional Urban Area
(2006)[6]
A Coruña metropolitan area  Spain 423,375 <1,000,000 1,122,006 1,121,417 376,000
Alicante-Elche  Spain 475,402 <1,000,000 1,862,780 1,845,470 645,000[a]
Amsterdam metropolitan area  Netherlands 2,890,428 2,525,000 3,269,905 3,242,852 2,497,000[b]
Antwerp  Belgium 1,146,565 1,240,000 1,053,033 1,047,030 1,406,000[c]
Athens metropolitan area  Greece 3,526,887 3,575,000 3,561,750 3,576,590 3,761,000
Barcelona metropolitan area  Spain 5,105,991 4,875,000 5,575,204 5,514,881 4,082,000[d]
Metropolitan City of Bari  Italy 726,049 <1,000,000 1,234,997 1,257,520 584,000
Belgrade  Serbia — 1,430,000 — — —
Bergamo  Italy 311,971 6,100,000[e] 1,107,159 1,111,035 662,000[f]
Bergen Region  Norway — <1,000,000 1,000,149 996,064 335,000
Berlin metropolitan area  Germany 5,342,958 4,850,000 5,303,846 5,259,363 4,016,000
Bern   Switzerland 503,213 <1,000,000 1,034,977 1,031,126 376,000
Bilbao  Spain 1,014,366 <1,000,000 1,137,191 1,134,848 947,000
Bologna metropolitan area  Italy 790,044 <1,000,000 1,017,551 1,011,291 690,000
Bordeaux  France 1,290,068 1,140,000 1,619,190 1,601,845 918,000
Brescia  Italy 477,611 <1,000,000 1,254,419 1,262,402 384,000
Greater Bristol  United Kingdom 969,256 <1,000,000 1,157,937 1,147,017 1,041,000
Brno  Czech Republic 735,652 <1,000,000 1,187,667 1,183,207 535,000
Brussels metropolitan area  Belgium 2,500,251 2,750,000 2,548,941 2,528,996 2,639,000[c]
Bucharest metropolitan area  Romania 2,219,341 2,200,000 2,315,173 2,302,291 2,064,000
Budapest metropolitan area  Hungary 3,012,001 2,500,000 3,031,160 3,011,598 2,523,000
Cádiz  Spain 252,140 <1,000,000 1,249,739 1,249,245 400,000
Metropolitan City of Catania  Italy 634,134 <1,000,000 1,077,270 1,109,888 707,000
Cardiff  United Kingdom 928,101 <1,000,000 1,140,165 1,135,795 1,097,000
Copenhagen metropolitan area  Denmark 1,945,157 1,770,000 2,045,259 2,030,718 1,881,000[g]
Donetsk  Ukraine — 1,410,000[h] — — —
Dnipro  Ukraine — 1,330,000[i] — — —
Dresden  Germany 1,343,747 <1,000,000 1,343,305 1,341,986 882,000
Dublin Metropolitan Area  Ireland 2,110,459 1,530,000 2,107,749 2,069,386 1,477,000
Metropolitan City of Florence  Italy 791,543 <1,000,000 998,976 1,013,260 645,000[j]
Frankfurt Rhine-Main  Germany 2,729,936 3,300,000 2,710,127 2,693,115 2,764,000[k]
Gdańsk (Tricity)  Poland 1,170,990 <1,000,000 1,328,350 1,317,517 993,000
Greater Glasgow  United Kingdom 1,847,200 1,700,000 1,861,315 1,854,866 1,395,000
Gothenburg  Sweden 1,051,345 <1,000,000 1,709,814 1,690,782 759,000
Grenoble metropolitan area  France 717,469[l] <1,000,000 1,266,669 1,263,563 555,000
The Hague  Netherlands 1,116,798 3,400,000[m] 1,103,368 1,093,212 1,404,000[b]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region  Germany 3,328,679 2,925,000 3,327,940 3,309,215 2,983,000
Hannover  Germany 1,316,006 1,150,000 1,315,405 1,310,558 997,000[n]
Helsinki Metropolitan Area  Finland 1,526,778 1,530,000 1,671,024 1,655,624 1,285,000
Istanbul[o]  Turkey 13,719,061 15,900,000 — — —
Katowice metropolitan area  Poland 2,486,510 2,225,000 2,695,148 2,705,106 3,029,000[p]
Kazan metropolitan area  Russia — 1,590,000 — — —
Kharkiv  Ukraine — 1,600,000[i] — — —
Kyiv metropolitan area  Ukraine — 3,475,000[i] — — —
Kraków metropolitan area  Poland 1,423,235 <1,000,000 1,491,811 1,480,803 1,236,000
Leicester  United Kingdom 910,918 <1,000,000 1,443,399 1,432,212 745,000
Leipzig  Germany 1,049,342 <1,000,000 1,043,293 1,037,782 842,000
Lille  France 1,505,093 1,320,000 2,603,999 2,606,234 1,161,000[q]
Lisbon metropolitan area  Portugal 3,035,487 2,500,000 2,846,332 2,833,679 2,591,000
Łódź metropolitan area  Poland 903,719 <1,000,000 1,070,544 1,074,374 1,165,000
London metropolitan area  United Kingdom 12,451,423 14,900,000 14,372,596 14,257,962 11,203,000
Lyon  France 2,129,101 2,025,000 1,871,364 1,859,524 1,669,000
Madrid metropolitan area  Spain 7,005,286 6,650,000 6,641,649 6,549,520 5,263,000
Málaga-Marbella  Spain 1,211,770[r] 1,090,000 1,660,985 1,651,506 775,000[s]
Malmö  Sweden 690,334 <1,000,000 1,362,164 1,344,689 667,000[g]
Greater Manchester  United Kingdom 3,399,018 3,150,000 3,712,997 3,695,071 2,556,000
Mannheim-Ludwigshafen  Germany 1,191,766 1,590,000 1,189,073 1,184,343 1,136,000[t]
Marseille  France 1,278,124[u] 1,700,000 3,112,990 3,102,054 1,530,000
Merseyside (Liverpool/Birkenhead)  United Kingdom 1,548,752 1,890,000 1,784,475 1,777,603 2,241,000
Milan metropolitan area  Italy 4,985,668 6,100,000[e] 4,344,411 4,336,121 4,136,000[f]
Minsk metropolitan area  Belarus — 2,100,000 — — —
Montpellier  France 801,595[l] <1,000,000 1,171,739 1,159,220 460,000
Moscow metropolitan area  Russia — 19,100,000 — — —
Murcia-Cartagena  Spain 882,745[v] <1,000,000 1,487,663 1,475,569 854,000[w]
Munich  Germany 2,926,802 2,300,000 2,908,664 2,883,373 2,665,000[x]
Nantes  France 1,003,395 <1,000,000 1,427,913 1,412,502 708,000
Naples metropolitan area  Italy 3,349,233 4,050,000 3,048,194 3,101,002 2,905,000[y]
Nice  France 1,020,879 <1,000,000 1,087,266 1,086,219 1,082,000
Nizhny Novgorod  Russia — 1,660,000 — — —
Nottingham-Derby  United Kingdom 935,049[z] 1,380,000 590,043[aa] 587,596[ab] 1,534,000
Northwest Metropolitan Region (Bremen)  Germany 1,274,429 1,000,000 1,277,609 1,274,611 1,077,000
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region  Germany 1,352,002 1,210,000 1,349,848 1,340,886 1,443,000
Odesa  Ukraine — 1,100,000[i] — — —
Greater Oslo Region  Norway 1,420,926 1,260,000 1,305,122 1,287,495 1,037,000
Ostrava metropolitan area  Czech Republic 709,768 <1,000,000 1,203,299 1,205,886 1,046,000[p]
Oviedo-Gijón  Spain 604,802[ac] <1,000,000 1,022,205 1,027,624 706,000[ad]
Palermo metropolitan area  Italy 995,821 <1,000,000 1,231,602 1,260,193 861,000
Paris metropolitan area  France 12,997,058 11,500,000 12,252,917 12,213,447 11,175,000
Perm  Russia — 1,090,000 — — —
Porto Metropolitan Area  Portugal 1,785,248 1,550,000 1,722,374 1,719,702 1,245,000[ae]
Portsmouth-Southampton  United Kingdom 695,204[af] 1,150,000 1,482,547[ag] 1,475,984[ah] 1,547,000
Poznań metropolitan area  Poland 993,656 <1,000,000 1,194,454 1,186,164 919,000
Prague metropolitan area  Czech Republic 2,267,817 1,470,000 2,677,964 2,647,308 1,669,000
Rennes Métropole  France 755,668[l] <1,000,000 1,077,412 1,069,228 517,000
Rhein-Nord[ai] (Düsseldorf - Neuss)  Germany 1,557,269 5,000,000[aj] 1,555,985 1,552,097 3,073,000[ak][al]
Rhein-Süd[ai] (Cologne - Bonn)  Germany 2,004,984 5,000,000[aj] 2,930,084[am] 2,919,070[an] 3,070,000[al]
Riga metropolitan area  Latvia 927,924 <1,000,000 1,003,203 1,005,237 1,195,000
Rome metropolitan area  Italy 4,325,591 3,425,000 4,263,542 4,355,725 5,190,000
Rostov-on-Don  Russia — 1,410,000 — — —
Rotterdam  Netherlands 1,876,165 3,400,000[m] 1,846,933 1,835,354 1,904,000[b]
Rouen  France 705,627[l] <1,000,000 1,254,436 1,255,883 599,000
Ruhr[ai]  Germany 5,115,617 5,650,000 5,111,530 5,113,487 5,376,000[ao][al]
Saarbrücken - Forbach  Germany/
 France 		797,110 <1,000,000 799,746 802,664 1,102,000
Saint Petersburg metropolitan area  Russia — 6,500,000 — — —
Samara  Russia — 1,370,000 — — —
Saratov  Russia — 1,210,000 — — —
Seville  Spain 1,558,006 1,300,000 1,949,640 1,945,236 1,180,000[ap]
Stoke-on-Trent  United Kingdom 484,659 <1,000,000 1,130,317 1,126,654 456,000
Strasbourg  France 853,110[l] <1,000,000 1,138,467 1,133,552 661,000[aq]
Sofia  Bulgaria 1,551,056 1,240,000 1,678,041 1,679,413 1,174,000
Metropolitan Stockholm  Sweden 2,377,081 2,275,000 2,344,124 2,308,143 2,171,000
South Yorkshire (Sheffield-Doncaster)  United Kingdom 1,204,485 1,540,000 1,404,971[ar] 1,397,266[as] 1,869,000
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region  Germany 2,794,283 2,400,000 2,787,724 2,778,591 2,289,000
Thessaloniki metropolitan area  Greece 1,049,937 <1,000,000 1,104,690 1,105,663 1,052,000
Toulouse  France 1,445,789 1,130,000 1,395,382 1,380,672 832,000
Turin metropolitan area  Italy 1,728,714 1,580,000 2,238,663 2,269,120 1,601,000[at]
Tyne and Wear (Newcastle-Sunderland)  United Kingdom 1,192,598 1,470,000 1,177,704 1,172,580 1,599,000
Ufa  Russia — 1,230,000 — — —
Utrecht  Netherlands 887,420 <1,000,000 1,306,912 1,295,484 982,000[b]
Valencia  Spain 1,768,205 1,920,000 2,540,588 2,531,187 1,398,000[au]
Vienna  Austria 3,004,660 2,350,000 2,853,903 2,838,558 2,584,000
Volgograd  Russia — 1,090,000 — — —
Voronezh  Russia — 1,170,000 — — —
Warsaw metropolitan area  Poland 3,209,784 2,500,000 3,053,104 3,025,034 2,785,000
West Midlands conurbation (Birmingham)  United Kingdom 3,122,915 3,250,000 2,558,916 2,545,475 3,683,000
West Yorkshire Built-up Area (Leeds - Bradford)  United Kingdom 2,655,815 2,225,000 1,750,276 1,741,298 2,302,000
Zagreb metropolitan area  Croatia 1,219,858 <1,000,000 1,240,433 1,240,310 —
Zürich metropolitan area   Switzerland 1,401,783 1,490,000 1,520,968 1,504,346 1,615,000

Polycentric metropolitan areas in the European Union[edit]

Rank Area State Population[7]
1 Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region  Germany 12,190,000
2 Randstad  Netherlands 6,787,000
3 Upper Silesian-Moravian metropolitan area  Poland/  Czech Republic 5,294,000
4 Flemish Diamond  Belgium 5,103,000
5 Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan region  Austria/  Slovakia 4,600,000

See also[edit]

Regional and country-specific lists[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Total population is 793,000 if the metropolitan area of Elda (148,000) is included.
  2. ^ a b c d Part of the Randstad polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam (2,497,000), Rotterdam (1,904,000), The Hague (1,404,000), and Utrecht (982,000). The total population of the region is 6,787,000.
  3. ^ a b The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.
  4. ^ Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of Mataro (169,000) is included.
  5. ^ a b Including Milan and Bergamo metropolitan areas.
  6. ^ a b Part of a wider Milan polycentric metropolitan area with a total population of 6,011,000.
  7. ^ a b Part of the wider Öresund region, which includes the Danish metropolitan area of Copenhagen (1,881,000) and the Swedish metropolitan areas of Malmö (667,000) and Helsingborg (294,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.
  8. ^ Probable overestimate
  9. ^ a b c d Doesn't consider the impact of the Russian invasion
  10. ^ Total population is 1,090,000 if the metropolitan areas of Prato (240,000), Pistoia (114,000), and Empoli (91,000) are included.
  11. ^ Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Darmstadt (501,000), Wiesbaden (453,000), and Mainz (431,000).
  12. ^ a b c d e Data for 2019. No data for 2020 available.
  13. ^ a b Including Rotterdam and The Hague metropolitan areas.
  14. ^ Estmation.
  15. ^ 65% of the population lives on the European part
  16. ^ a b Part of the polycentric Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area with a total population of 5,294,000. The region includes the metropolitan areas of Katowice (3,029,000) Ostrava (1,046,000), Bielsko-Biała (584,000), Rybnik (526,000) and Racibórz (109,000).
  17. ^ Part of the wider Lille-Bassin Minier region with a total population of 3,115,000.
  18. ^ Lists Málaga (877,868) and Marbella (333,902) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  19. ^ Total population is 844,000 if the metropolitan area of Vélez-Málaga (69,000) is included.
  20. ^ Lists Mannheim (683,000) and Ludwigshafen (453,000) as two of eight FUAs within the Rhein-Neckar poly-FUA (2,931,000).
  21. ^ Does not include Aix-en-Provence, which OECD, unlike INSEE, considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 352,097 in 2020.
  22. ^ Lists Murcia (646,099) and Cartagena (236,646) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  23. ^ Lists Murcia-Orihuela poly-FUA (623,000) and Cartagena FUA (231,000) as two separate areas.
  24. ^ Total population is 3,271,000 if the metropolitan area of Augsburg (606,000) is included.
  25. ^ Part of a wider polycentric metropolitan area with a population of 3,714,000.
  26. ^ Does not include Derby, which OECD considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 495,159 in 2020.
  27. ^ Lists Nottingham (331,297) and Derby (258,746) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  28. ^ Lists Nottingham (329,448) and Derby (258,148) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  29. ^ Lists Oviedo (308,314) and Gijón (296,488) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  30. ^ Total population is 844,000 if the metropolitan area of Aviles (139,000) is included.
  31. ^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.
  32. ^ Does not include Portsmouth, which OECD considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 542,048 in 2020.
  33. ^ Lists Portsmouth (676,546) and Southampton (806,001) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  34. ^ Lists Portsmouth (673,822) and Southampton (802,162) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  35. ^ a b c Polycentric metropolitan area
  36. ^ a b Including Cologne-Bonn and Düsseldorf-Neuss metropolitan areas.
  37. ^ Includes Duisburg metropolitan area of Ruhr.
  38. ^ a b c Part of the polycentric urban region of Rhein-Ruhr, which has a total population of 12,190,000.
  39. ^ Lists Cologne (2,003,046) and Bonn (927,038) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  40. ^ Lists Cologne (1,994,524) and Bonn (924,546) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  41. ^ Does not include Duisburg metropolitan area.
  42. ^ Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of Utrera (82,000) is included.
  43. ^ Total population is 807,000 if the metropolitan area of Offenburg (146,000) is included.
  44. ^ Lists Sheffield (584,028) and Doncaster (820,943) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  45. ^ Lists Sheffield (580,108) and Doncaster (817,158) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  46. ^ Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan area of Pinerolo (115,000) is included.
  47. ^ Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of Sagunto (101,000) is included.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Urbanismi, Cluster urbani e aree metropolitane – volume primo, Italia" (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
  2. ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2019" (PDF).(in Ukrainian)
  3. ^ "OECD Data Explorer - Population by age and sex - Cities and FUAs". OECD. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  4. ^ Brinkhoff, Thomas (1 January 2024). "Major Agglomerations of The World". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  5. ^ a b "Database". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 20 Jun 2020. click General and regional statistics / Regional statistics by typology / Metropolitan regions / Demography statistics by metropolitan regions / Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions (met_pjanaggr3)
  6. ^ "Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)]" (PDF). European Spatial Planning Observation Network. March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015., Final Report, Chapter 3
  7. ^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3) Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) page 241-243

External links[edit]

  • Geopolis: research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France - Population of urban areas of 10,000 or more
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