Portal:Ukraine

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The Ukraine Portal - Портал України

Ukraine
Україна (Ukrainian)
ISO 3166 codeUA

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. It also borders Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; and Romania and Moldova to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Dnipro and Odesa. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian; Russian is also widely spoken, especially in the east and south.

During the Middle Ages, Ukraine was the site of early Slavic expansion and the area later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. The state eventually disintegrated into rival regional powers and was ultimately destroyed by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. The area was then contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers for the next 600 years, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century marked on maps as "Ukraine, land of the Cossacks", but was partitioned between Russia and Poland, and ultimately absorbed by the Russian Empire. Ukrainian nationalism developed and, following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. The Bolsheviks consolidated control over much of the former empire and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union when it was formed in 1922. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died in the Holodomor, a human-made famine. The German occupation during World War II in Ukraine was devastating, with 7 million Ukrainian civilians killed, including most Ukrainian Jews.

Ukraine gained independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union dissolved, and declared itself neutral. A new constitution was adopted in 1996. A series of mass demonstrations, known as the Euromaidan, led to the establishment of a new government in 2014 after a revolution. Russia then unilaterally annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and pro-Russian unrest culminated in a war in the Donbas between Russian-backed separatists and government forces in eastern Ukraine. Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Since the outbreak of war with Russia, Ukraine has continued to seek closer ties with the United States, European Union, and NATO.

Ukraine is a unitary state and its system of government is a semi-presidential republic. A developing country, it is the poorest country in Europe by nominal GDP per capita and corruption remains a significant issue. However, due to its extensive fertile land, pre-war Ukraine was one of the largest grain exporters in the world. It is a founding member of the United Nations, as well as a member of the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, and the OSCE. It is in the process of joining the European Union and has applied to join NATO. (Full article...)

In the news

5 May 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
One woman is killed and 17 people are injured in Russian attacks on Kharkiv, Ukraine. (Reuters)
4 May 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Two people are killed and six others are injured in Russian overnight drone strikes on the Kharkiv and Dnipro regions of Ukraine. (Reuters) (VOA)
4 May 2024 –
Russian state media reports that a number of officials from Ukraine and NATO countries have been placed on Russia's wanted list, including Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, former president Petro Poroshenko, Ukrainian Ground Forces commander Oleksandr Pavlyuk, and Estonian prime minister Kaja Kallas. The Ministry of Internal Affairs neither states what crimes the wanted individuals are being charged with, nor clarifies the allegations that are being brought against them. (AP)
3 May 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Two people are killed and two others are injured by Russian shelling in the city of Kurakhove in the Donetsk oblast. (The Moscow Times)
British Foreign Secretary David Cameron promises £3 billion of annual military aid to Ukraine for "as long as it takes." (Reuters)
2 May 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Russian forces take control of the village of Berdychi in Donetsk Oblast. (Al-Arabiya News)
At least nine people, including eight children, are injured in a Russian guided airstrike in Derhachi, Kharkiv Oblast. (AFP via Barron's) (Reuters)
1 May 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Odesa strikes
Two Russian ballistic missiles strike the port city of Odesa, killing three people and injuring sixteen others. (Reuters) (Reuters 2) (Kyiv Post)
Russia displays captured NATO military vehicles and equipment at an open-air exhibition in Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow. Among the captured vehicles are a German Leopard 2 tank and an American M1 Abrams tank. (BBC News) (Fox News)
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Clockwise from top left: Vorontsov Lighthouse; Monument to the Duc de Richelieu; Potemkin Stairs; Square de Richelieu; Opera and Ballet Theatre; and city garden

Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrative centre of the Odesa Raion and Odesa Oblast, as well as a multiethnic cultural centre. As of January 2021, Odesa's population was approximately 1,010,537.[1] On 25 January 2023, its historic city centre was declared a World Heritage Site and added to the List of World Heritage in Danger by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in recognition of its influence on cinema, literature, and the arts. The declaration was made in response to the bombing of Odesa during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has damaged or destroyed buildings across the city.

In classical antiquity a large Greek settlement existed at its location no later than the middle of the 6th century BC. It has been researched as a possible site of the ancient Greek settlement of Histria. (Full article...)
List of selected articles

In the news

5 May 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
One woman is killed and 17 people are injured in Russian attacks on Kharkiv, Ukraine. (Reuters)
4 May 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Two people are killed and six others are injured in Russian overnight drone strikes on the Kharkiv and Dnipro regions of Ukraine. (Reuters) (VOA)
4 May 2024 –
Russian state media reports that a number of officials from Ukraine and NATO countries have been placed on Russia's wanted list, including Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, former president Petro Poroshenko, Ukrainian Ground Forces commander Oleksandr Pavlyuk, and Estonian prime minister Kaja Kallas. The Ministry of Internal Affairs neither states what crimes the wanted individuals are being charged with, nor clarifies the allegations that are being brought against them. (AP)
3 May 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Two people are killed and two others are injured by Russian shelling in the city of Kurakhove in the Donetsk oblast. (The Moscow Times)
British Foreign Secretary David Cameron promises £3 billion of annual military aid to Ukraine for "as long as it takes." (Reuters)
2 May 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Russian forces take control of the village of Berdychi in Donetsk Oblast. (Al-Arabiya News)
At least nine people, including eight children, are injured in a Russian guided airstrike in Derhachi, Kharkiv Oblast. (AFP via Barron's) (Reuters)
1 May 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Odesa strikes
Two Russian ballistic missiles strike the port city of Odesa, killing three people and injuring sixteen others. (Reuters) (Reuters 2) (Kyiv Post)
Russia displays captured NATO military vehicles and equipment at an open-air exhibition in Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow. Among the captured vehicles are a German Leopard 2 tank and an American M1 Abrams tank. (BBC News) (Fox News)

Selected anniversaries for May

  • May 9, 2024Victory Day
  • May 28, 1916 — Ivan Franko, Ukrainian poet, writer, social and literary critic, journalist, economist, and political activist, died at 4 P.M. in poverty.

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  1. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.