Gloydius
| Gloydius | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gloydius blomhoffii, Japanese mamushi | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Viperidae |
| Subfamily: | Crotalinae |
| Genus: | Gloydius Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981 |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Gloydius is a genus of venomous pitvipers endemic to Asia, also known as Asian moccasins or Asian ground pit vipers. Named after American herpetologist Howard K. Gloyd,[2] this genus is very similar to the North American genus Agkistrodon. 24 species are currently recognized.[3]
Geographic range[edit]
Species of Gloydius are found in Russia, east of the Ural Mountains through Siberia, Iran, Himalayas from Pakistan, India, Nepal, China, Korea, Japan and the Ryukyu Islands.[1]
Species[edit]
| Species[3] | Taxon author[3] | Subsp.*[3] | Common name[4] | Geographic range[1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G. angusticeps | J. Shi, Yang, Huang, Orlov & P. Li, 2018 | 0 | Zoige pit viper | China, (Sichuan, Qinghai, and Gansu). |
| G. blomhoffii | (H. Boie, 1826) | 3 | Japanese mamushi | Japan. |
| G. brevicauda | (Stejneger, 1907) | 0 | Short-tailed mamushi | North Korea, South Korea, and China. |
| G. caraganus | (Eichwald, 1831) | 0 | Karaganda pitviper | Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. |
| G. caucasicus | (Nikolsky, 1916) | 0 | Caucasian pitviper | Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Afghanistan. |
| G. chambensis | Kuttalam, Santra, Owens, Selvan, Mukherjee, Graham, Togridou, Bharti, Shi, Shanker & Malhotra, 2022[5] | 0 | Chamba pitviper | Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh. |
| G. changdaoensis | L. Li, 1999 | 0 | China. | |
| G. cognatus | (Gloyd, 1977) | 0 | Alashan pitviper | China. |
| G. halysT | (Pallas, 1776) | 4 | Siberian pitviper | Russia, east of the Ural Mountains through Siberia, Iran, Mongolia to northern and central China, as well as the southern Ryukyu Islands. |
| G. himalayanus | (Günther, 1864) | 0 | Himalayan pitviper | Along the southern slopes of the Himalayas from northeastern Pakistan, to northern India (Kashmir, Punjab) and Nepal. Found at 1524–3048 m altitude. |
| G. huangi | K. Wang, Ren, Dong, Jiang, Shi, Siler & Che, 2019 | 0 | Lancang Plateau viper | Tibet. |
| G. intermedius | (Strauch, 1868) | 2 | Central Asian pitviper | Southeastern Azerbaijan, northern Iran, southern Turkmenistan, northwestern Afghanistan, southern Russia, northwestern China and Mongolia. |
| G. lateralis | Zhang, S. Shi, C. Li, Yan, P. Wang, Ding, Du, Plenković-Moraj, Jiang & J. Shi, 2022 | 0 | Jiuzhaigou County, China.[6] | |
| G. lipipengi | J. Shi, J-C. Liu & Malhotra, 2021 | 0 | Nujiang pit viper | China. |
| G. liupanensis | N. Liu, Z. Song & Luo, 1989 | 0 | Gansu, China. | |
| G. monticola | (F. Werner, 1922) | 0 | Likiang pitviper | The mountains of northern Yunnan in China. |
| G. qinlingensis | (M. Song & F. Chen, 1985) | 0 | Shaanxi, China. | |
| G. rickmersi | Wagner, Tiutenko, Borkin & Simonov, 2015 | Kyrgyzstan | ||
| G. rubromaculatus | J. Shi, P.Li & J. Liu, 2017 | 0 | Tibetan Plateau. | |
| G. saxatilis | (Emelianov, 1937) | 0 | Rock mamushi[7] | Russia (eastern Siberia), northeastern China and North and South Korea. |
| G. shedaoensis | (Zhao, 1979) | 0 | Shedao island pitviper | Shedao Island, off the coast of Liaotung, China. |
| G. stejnegeri | (Rendahl, 1933) | 0 | Gobi pitviper | China and Mongolia. |
| G. strauchi | (Bedriaga, 1912) | 0 | Strauch's pitviper | The Tibetan Plateau in the provinces of Tsinghai and western Szechwan, China. |
| G. swild | J. Shi & Malhotra, 2021 | 0 | China. | |
| G. tsushimaensis | (Isogawa, Moriya & Mitsui, 1994) | 0 | Tsushima Island pitviper | Tsushima Island, Japan. |
| G. ussuriensis | (Emelianov, 1929) | 0 | Ussuri mamushi | Far east Russia (Primorskiy Kray), northeastern China, North and South Korea, as well as Quelpart Island. |
(*) Not including the nominate subspecies.
(T) Type species.
In the above list, a taxon author in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a different genus.
Taxonomy[edit]
Due to the strong morphological similarity, these snakes were classified in the genus Agkistrodon until very recently. However, by 1999 cladistic studies clearly showed that Agkistrodon did not form a clade (indeed, it was not even paraphyletic) and was thus split into several genera.
A new species, G. tsushimaensis, was described by Isogawa, Moriya & Mitsui (1994). It is referred to as the Tsushima island pitviper and is found only on Tsushima Island, Japan.
References[edit]
- ^ a b c McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Gloydius, p. 102).
- ^ a b c d "Gloydius ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 17 October 2006.
- ^ Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, Captain A, Ryabov S (2004). Asian Pitvipers. First Edition. Berlin: Geitje Books. 368 pp. ISBN 3-937975-00-4.
- ^ Kuttalam, Sourish; Santra, Vishal; Owens, John Benjamin; Selvan, Melvin; Mukherjee, Nilanjan; Graham, Stuart; Togridou, Anatoli; Bharti, Omesh K.; Shi, Jingsong; Shanker, Kartik; Malhotra, Anita (2022). "Phylogenetic and morphological analysis of Gloydius himalayanus (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae), with the description of a new species". European Journal of Taxonomy (852): 1–30. doi:10.5852/ejt.2022.852.2003. S2CID 254676412. (Gloydius chambensis, new species).
- ^ Zhang, Mei-Hua; Shi, Sheng-Chao; Li, Cheng; Yan, Peng; Wang, Ping; Ding, Li; Du, Jie; Plenković-Moraj, Anđelka; Jiang, Jian-Ping; Shi, Jing-Song (2022-07-25). "Exploring cryptic biodiversity in a world heritage site: a new pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae) from Jiuzhaigou, Aba, Sichuan, China". ZooKeys (1114): 59–76. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 9848824. PMID 36761701. (Gloydius lateralis, new species).
- ^ Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp., 52 plates. LCCN 89-50342. ISBN 0-916984-20-6.
Further reading[edit]
- Hoge AR, Romano-Hoge SA (1981). "Poisonous Snakes of the World. I. Checklist of the Pitvipers: Viperoidea, Viperidae, Crotalinae". Memórias do Instituto Butantan 42/43: 179-309. (Gloydius, new genus).
- Isogawa, Kiyoshi; Moriya, Akira; Mitsui, Sadaaki (1994). "A new snake from the genus Agkistrodon (Serpentes: Viperidae) from Tsushima Island, Nagasaki Prefecture". Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15: 101-111. (Agkistrodon tsushimaensis, new species).
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gloydius.
- Gloydius at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 12 December 2007.
- Taxonomy comparison by Dr. Wolfgang Wüster at Dr. Brian Grieg Fry's Int'l Venom & Toxin Database. Accessed 25 July 2007.